Examining Marks And Spencer Group Plc Business Essay

Examining Marks And Spencer Group Plc Business Essay This report examines the Marks and Spencer Group Plc. It begins with the main objectives and purpose of the organisation and follows with the key features of the organisations Business Environment. It then goes on to analyse the impact of European economic and political integration in terms of trade. Marks and Spencer Group Plc was founded in 1884 by Michael Marks with the opening of a Penny Bazaar stall at Leeds Kirkgate Market. Today it is one of the UKs leading retailers with over 600 stores nationwide. In addition to its successful UK business it holds an expanding international business which comprises of over 295 stores throughout 41 territories. Marks and Spencers core business is general merchandising (clothing and home) and food. Its main competitors are Waitrose, Tesco, Asda and Primark. 2. Define, list and explain the main objectives and purpose of the organisation Marks and Spencer has five key principals which define how it runs its business these are: Quality Value Service Innovation Trust These five principals are fundamental to the success of the business and they remain as important today as they have done over the past 125 years. Marks and Spencers core objective is to ensure their brand will continue to offer Quality, Value, Service, Innovation and Trust. One of the aims of the business is to improve value, without compromising on quality. Mark and Spencers uppermost priority is to lead the business through the recession whilst continuing to invest for the long term. Six objectives were put in place in November 2008 In order to achieve this and are as follow: Retain their market leading position in GM Improve their performance in food Drive their international business Optimise margins and tightly control cost Maintain a strong balance sheet Uphold high ethical standards Marks and Spencer intend to be the worlds most sustainable business by 2015. This target is to be achieved through their Plan A commitments. (187) 3. Identify and explain the key features of the Business Environment The Business Environment is a combination of internal and external factors that affect an organisations ability to operate, grow and continue to exist. The Business Environment can be divided into the micro-environment which consists of; customers, employees, suppliers, shareholders, media and competitors and the macro-environment which includes regulations, government activities, the economy, demographics, social and cultural factors, innovations, and technological developments. In order to ascertain the Business Environment of an organisation a number of strategic tools can be used. A SWOT analysis can be effective in identifying an organisations strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, whilst a PESTLE analysis can be valuable in analysing an organisations macro-environment. (106) SWOT analysis of Marks and Spencer Group Plc Strengths Weaknesses Unrivalled reputation for Quality, Value, Service, Innovation and Trust UKs biggest clothing retailer Top UK retail website Diverse range of products clothing , food and wine, home and furniture, technology, flowers and gifts and financial products Leading premium quality food retailer Brand awareness Consumers perception of MS is that their products are highly priced Consumers perception of MS is that they are not always in touch with the latest fashion trends Reduction in money back guarantee whilst competitors are increasing theirs Leading shareholders furious over Rose and Bolland salary packages Opportunities Threats Growth of international markets in particular India The world has an ageing population M Ss core target market is already the older generation Product diversification into Home Energy Services, Telecoms and MS-branded cosmetics Ability to reach new target market through new advertising campaigns aimed at younger generation Economic conditions remain uncertain Decline of the high street due to consumers doing more of their shopping online Competitor product ranges which directly compete with M S food such as Tesco finest Competitor Asda to offer 100 day money back guarantee on its George clothing Takeover bids (204) PESTEL analysis of Marks and Spencer Group Plc Political Key political factors that are of relevance to Marks and Spencer are as follow: Government type and stability The imminent general elections are to some extent going to leave many businesses feeling a high degree of uncertainty. Trading will get tougher this year as taxes rise and public spending falls to bring down government debt. (51) Economic Key economic factors that are relevant to Marks and Spencer are as follow: Economic conditions affect how easy or how difficult it is to be successful and profitable at any time because they affect both capital availability and cost, and demand. (28) Social Key social factors that are relevant to Marks and Spencer are as follow: Aging population Marks and Spencers has always been seen as an organisation whose target market is the older generation. The population of the UK and the world in general is continuing to age. Figure 1 below shows the increase in which the UK population will age by 2033. (46) Figure 1 Ageing Fastest increase in the oldest old Population by age, UK, 1983, 2008 and 2033 Office for National Statistics (2009) Technological Key technological factors that are relevant in assessing Marks and Spencer are as follow: Marks and Spencer were the first company in the world to use revolutionary teardrop trucks. The trailers are capable of carrying up to 16% more load and the aerodynamic shape offers a 10% reduction in fuel consumption. Xerox solid ink technology helps Marks and Spencer with Plan A commitments. (49) Environmental Key environmental factors that are relevant to Marks and Spencer are as follow: Weather Adverse weather conditions in the UK have had a devastating effect on businesses up and down the country. (18) Legal Key legal factors that are relevant to Marks and Spencer are as follow: EU legislation has recently been introduced to protect the Marks and Spencer has become the first high-profile retailer to be hit by new Prosecco regulations after 14,400 bottles of its Rosecco brand were seized. The market structure of Marks and Spencer can be considered as perfect competition. (13) PORTERS 5 FORCES analysis of Marks and Spencer Group Plc Competitive rivalry within the industry Threat of new entrants Cortefiel: launching standalone stores in competitive UK market (8) Bargaining power of suppliers Bargaining power of customers Threat of substitutes 4. Analyse the impact of European economic and political integration in terms of trade 5. Conclusions

Branding Yoga Essay

I think that’s why there are more and more people are encouraged to practice yoga and yoga has become a power brand which is able to compete with other industry. The yoga brand is managed systematically with branded styles of teaching, branded yoga clothing, branded training programs, branded instructors and etc. There are two branded styles of yoga which are Bikram style and Tara stiles. They are two different styles which appeal to two different sorts of people. Firstly, Bikram Choudhury who is the founder of Bikram yoga in America patent his approach to traditional yoga style. In the process of branding yoga, Bikram obtained the patent for his book, trademarked his company’s name and actively fighting for the copyright of his style. When branding a style of yoga, the legal rules which involves patent, trademark and patent intend to protect the founder’s right and disseminate the gains of the innovation so that it can be recognized by the people with the brand identity. The brand is also supported by Indian government which avoid others following Bikram’s branded poses even though the government only considered the yoga was part of the India’s traditional knowledge ( Deshpande, Herman and Lobb 2011). Additionally, the branding strategy in terms of the Bikram ‘s classical style of yoga is based on the inherent value and adds the more substantive value but still consistent and adherence to the addition (Cohen 2013). Secondly, Tara stiles is distinctive from Bikram’s style which develop the brand in a very fresh and personal way like the founder Stiles said â€Å"making yoga cool†. Stiles broke the rules and added many creative values to the brand such as music in order to maintain the relevance in the society especially the younger generation (Girard 2013). A more modern yoga style get the people more interested in and got popular soon by the promotional videos via different channels of communication in modern society. Stiles’s yoga is considered as authentic yoga since it is created as distinctive, exciting, attractive with personal values. By thinking the reason of success of Stiles’s success, the key is how Stile manage the brand by fitting it in American society. According to the feature of the liberal society in America, Tara promote a natural style not rigid with a certain style which perfectly stay relevance to the social values. Furthermore, the brand communication through the YouTube, Facebook, Ipad app strength brand identity and brand influence. In conclusion, by analyzing the two styles of yoga, I learned that the values adding to the brand is very important for branding experience. The brand needs to be relevant to the features of the society and the brand needs to be protected through the legal regulation. Managing brand is a long process which requires both adherence to the tradition and innovative modification. Desphande R. , Herman, K. and Lobb, A. 2011, Branding Yoga, Harvard Business School, Harvard. Cohen, M. 2013, Branding a style of Yoga, yoga journal, viewed 17 May 2013, <http://www. yogajournal. com/for_teachers/1683#comment> Girard, K. 2013, Branding Yoga: Good Business or Blasphemy? , Forbes, Harvard Business School

Public Health Nursing ( Phn ) Uses The Nursing Process Essay

Public Health Nursing (PHN) uses the nursing process every day to help the community on a local, state, and national level. The PHN is a vital part of the health care system because they are part of the interdisciplinary team. The government on federal, state, and local levels rely on the PHN to uses their nursing skills and critical thinking in order to provide information; which then influences funding. PHN work in conjunction with the three core functions of public health, according to the IOM, â€Å"assessment, assurance, and policy development† in order to provide patient centered care (Allender, Rector, Warner, 2014). Public health nurses (PHN) â€Å"apply the nursing process†, â€Å"use data†, and emphasizes â€Å"prevention†¦educating and empowering† individuals in the community (Allender, Rector, Warner, 2014). Assessment includes, observing the environment, â€Å"identify trends† in the individual and see how they relate to the community (Allender, Rector, Warner, 2014). The PHN uses â€Å"morbidity and mortality statistics† to help find trends in â€Å"communicable disease rates† in order to prevent outbreaks and to identify the community’s needs (Allender, Rector, Warner, 2014). For example, the Burmese population on the south side of Indianapolis is growing, therefore, they must follow up with vaccinations and testing for present illnesses and comorbidities. One family was identified with an outbreak of tuberculosis; which they had caught in their home land and brought with them to theShow MoreRelatedPublic Health Nurses ( Phn ) Essay 932 Words   |  4 PagesMCHD Public health nurses (PHN) â€Å"apply the nursing process†, â€Å"use data†, and emphasizes â€Å"prevention†¦educating and empowering† individuals in the community (Allender, Rector, Warner, 2014). The government on federal, state, and local levels rely on the PHN to uses their nursing skills and critical thinking to do the â€Å"greatest good for the majority of people† in the community (Allender, Rector, Warner, 2014). The funding provided by the federal, state, and local government is assessed and implementedRead MorePublic Health Nursing911 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the author, the assumptions to action research prior to the process were mostly based on the perception that of Public Health Nursing as just caring for the sick. The author focuses on nursing roles in providing care to help solve the complex problems that is threatening the southern state of Virginia. However, after carrying out the research on the various evolutionary st ages, it was discovered that Public Health Nursing was more than that. 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I remember almost everyone in my cohort have set their eyes on landing a job at a hospital setting. I was not really aware of all the other fields nursing has to offer until I started my bachelor’s degree. After having several public health nursing rotations, I have realized that there are so many things nurses can accomplish in choosing public health. This journal aims to examine what I have learned in my agency

How to Use French Punctuation

Although French and English use nearly all of the same punctuation marks, some of their uses in the two languages are considerably different. Rather than an explanation of the rules of French and English punctuation, this lesson is a simple summary of how French punctuation differs from English. One-Part Punctuation Marks These are very similar in French and English, with a few exceptions. Period or Le Point "." In French, the period is not used after abbreviations of measurement:  25 m (mà ¨tres), 12 min (minutes), etc.It can be used to separate the elements of a date:  10 septembre 1973 10.9.1973.When writing numbers, either a period or a space may be used to separate every three digits (where a comma would be used in English):  1,000,000 (English) 1.000.000 or 1 000 000.Its not used to indicate a decimal point (see virgule 1). Commas "," In French, the comma is used as a decimal point:  2.5 (English) 2,5 (French).Its not used to separate three digits (see point 3).Whereas in English, the serial comma (the one before and in a list) is optional, it cannot be used in French:  Jai achetà © un livre, deux stylos et du papier.  Not Jai achetà © un livre, deux stylos, et du papier. Note: When  writing numerals, the period and comma are opposites in the two languages:   French English 2,5 (deux virgule cinq)2.500 (deux mille cinq cents) 2.5 (two point five)2,500 (two thousand five hundred) Two-Part Punctuation Marks In French, a space is required both before and after all two- (or more) part punctuation marks and symbols, including : ;  «  » ! ? % $ #. Colon or Les Deux-Points ":" The colon is much more common in French than in English. It may introduce direct speech; a citation; or the explanation, conclusion, summary, etc. of whatever precedes it. Jean a dit :  « Je veux le faire.  » Jean said, I want to do it.Ce film est trà ¨s intà ©ressant : cest un classique. This movie is interesting: its a classic.  «  » Les Guillemets and — Le Tiret and ... Les Points de Suspension Quotation marks (inverted commas) dont exist in French; the guillemets  «  » are used.   Note that these are actual symbols; they are not just two angle brackets typed together . If you dont know how to type guillemets, see this  page on typing accents. Guillemets are usually used only at the beginning and end of an entire conversation. Unlike in English, where any non-speech is found outside of the quotation marks, in French guillemets do not end when an incidental clause (he said, she smiled, etc.) is added. To indicate that a new person is speaking, atiret (m-dash or em-dash) is added. In English, an interruption or trailing off of speech can be indicated with either atiret or des points de suspension (ellipsis). In French, only the latter is used.  « Salut Jeanne ! dit Pierre. Comment vas-tu ? "Hi Jean!" Pierre says. "How are you?" — Ah, salut Pierre ! crie Jeanne. "Oh, hi Pierre!" shouts Jeanne. — As-tu passà © un bon weekend ? "Did you have a nice weekend?" — Oui, merci, rà ©pond-elle. Mais... "Yes, thanks," she responds. "But—" — Attends, je dois te dire quelque chose d'important  ». "Wait, I have to tell you something important." The tiret can also be used like parentheses, to indicate or emphasize a comment: Paul — mon meilleur ami — va arriver demain. Paul—my best friend—will arrive tomorrow. Le Point-Virgule ; and  Le Point d'Exclamation ! and  Le Point d'Interrogation ? The semi-colon, exclamation point, and question mark are essentially the same in French and English. Je taime; maimes-tu? I love you; do you love me?Au secours! Help!

The Supply Chain Management ( Scm ) - 2108 Words

1. Introduction Supply chain management (SCM) is one of the most important business components to help customers of Marks and Spencer fulfills their satisfaction. Fundamentally, supply chain components are consists of four main components, which are suppliers, manufacturers, retailers, and customers. â€Å" Such developments clearly require supply chain cooperation and coordination â€Å" (Gustafsson et al, 2006) between each components of supply chain. Stock checking by human in the past is ineffective when company like Marks and Spencer has thousands of merchandise. Radio Frequency Identification Device (RFID) is used to identify real-time products movement through out the supply chain with zero errors. As real-time information of RFID, it makes†¦show more content†¦2. Situation 2.1 Background of MS Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer were established Marks and Spencer brand in 1884. MS were originated in Leeds, United Kingdom from a single market boot to a multinational retail enterprise, which have 798 stores in UK and 455 stores across the globe. Currently, MS has almost 86,000 employees worldwide, which they maintain their relationship with approximately 3,000 suppliers internationally. They commit to consumers that they will provide a solid fundamental in quality of cloths, foods and home products. Even-though, MS have struggled in internal management hierarchy in the past. However, the trademark of MS is their quality of products that reflects in their accomplishment of their sales revenue, which reach 10.3 billion pounds at the present. (Cited in marksandspencer.com, 2014) MS also tend to make an improvement on their company simultaneously. By that, there are various components in their organization that they want to develop but one of the most essential is supply chain comp onents. 2.2 An Overview of the situation 2.2.1 Implication of Radio Frequency Identification Device From mentioned above it is clear that MS sees the importance of developing in supply chain management along with maintaining suppliers relationship. In this sub-subject, there will be the illustration of the usage of supply chain management in the past compared with the improved supply chain management with the focus on implementation of

A public policy research paper on contemporary issues Free Essays

A contemporary issue is one which is distinctively modern in style, one which is current, ongoing, present or present-day in nature. A policy on the other hand according to the context of contemporary is a program of actions adopted by person, government, the set of principles which govern the program. In the modern times in the USA, when the issue of contemporary matter is talked about, the mind is automatically pointed toward the vices in the society, those actions or habits which are vexing and considered as socially unacceptable by civilized people. We will write a custom essay sample on A public policy research paper on contemporary issues or any similar topic only for you Order Now Reason, prudence and common sense will highlight these issues which are in fact very rampant and prevalent in the society today. When such a debate is instituted, that is â€Å"public policy on contemporary issues†, several matters must be concurrently held in the mind for an effective and efficient outcome to be obtained. Having answered by definition our key terms, the next question that we should ourselves is the symptoms that a contemporary issue exists  and whether it is anti-societal codes, what  its causes are, the diagnosis available  and the solutions that are les  costly but effective which can be implemented within a short time to tackle the problem. I want to take the issues of drug abuse, drug trafficking and manufacturing. Colombia is an infamous country well known for its cocoa. This plant which is used to produce cocaine has in fact led to a serious drug abuse problem in the society because both the young, the old even children seen to take it as the order of the day. Drugs are the roots of all evils committed in the society, they hamper upright reasoning and instead of the mind taking control of the body, in fact the body takes control. Drugs have many negative effects on users ranging from incurable minor diseases to permanent mental retardation. It is drugs according to the Federal Bureau of Investigation of the Unites States that contribute to major crimes in the USA. The following are some of those contemporary issues propagated by drugs: Larceny theft Burglary Motor vehicle theft Robbery Forcible rape Murder Kidnappings Domestic violence Organized crimes School drop out Prostitution E. G. White in her book Christian Health is very sentimental and dispassionate about how many people have indulged in drug abuse as if it is the normal order of things. She says; â€Å"Many Christians have taken the use of drugs as petty, they cannot however go through their daily chores without a dose of these drugs yet they don’t see the seriousness of their problem. They cannot think on their own, that substance has benumbed their senses and they are left as wrecks in this indulgence†. I am going to take this topic more from a Christian perspective since Colombia is Christian state with more than 96% of its population being Roman Catholics. In 1980, the amount of cocaine exported amounted to half the total export of Colombia. See how serious the problem is. The New York Times in its column on the amazing truths reported this as a world wonder. How can an illegal substance such as this be exported to such a magnitude yet there is a government to curb it? The question was where was the government when all this happened? How to cite A public policy research paper on contemporary issues, Essays

Earliest Evidence of Life for Archeology and Several Theories

Question: Discuss about theEarliest Evidence of Life for Archeology and Several Theories. Answer: Introduction The origin of life has been a very critical and divisive question in the minds of almost all the beings present in the world. Initially, religion filled the void by allocating this magnificent power to a supernatural body. With emergent of scientific research together with archeology, several theories are streaming in. their effect is building more confusion among the population while on the other hand triggering an intensive research into the topic. So far, the formation of the earth as well as other evenly bodies have been attributed to the big bang theory together with other theories. As much we may not all agree on the very exact method on which the world was formed the scientific research and archeological activities so far is enough to convince the entire population that life was present on the earths surface a billion years ago (Baxter Darwin, 2014). The form upon which life existed at that time is also certain to be different to what we currently have considering several ext inction phases that have been seen on the earths surface across the years. Now the question of contention is the original source of this life as well as the transformation procedure which oversaw the changes in the forms of life within the years (Ohtomo, et al., 2014). Earliest Evidence for Life A research on the ancient presence of life on the planet earth is majorly fronted by the archeological analysis of fossil evidence. The earth is approximated to have been formed 4.54 billion years ago. Scientists conventionally agree with findings suggesting life existed on earth 3500 million years ago though there are signs that life might have been present even before the suggested dates. In 2017 scientists tabled the discovery of microfossils in the hydrothermal vent precipitate within Nuvvuagittud Belt found in Quebec Canada. The fossils of organisms are in the form of tiny filaments knobs and tubes in the rocks of Canada. These are believed to be signs of the existence of life in the ancient times. They are claimed to have been there some 4280 million years old. Based on this date these organisms existed just a brief time after the formation of the planet and several years prior to what is currently considered as proof of the presence of life in the ancient years (Altermann, 200 9). The putative microbes discovered from Quebec are a tenth of the width if compared to the size of a human hair and have elements of haematite in them. The structure of the fossil is enclosed in quartz layers within the Nuvvuagittuq Supracrustal Belt abbreviated as NSB. The NSB is a portion of the very old ocean floor with sedimentary and volcanic rocks present in it. Archaeologies have attested to this. Currently, the most ancient acknowledgement of life being present on earth is contained in the old rocks located in Western Australia. They are dated to 3.48 billion years. The rocks indicate remnants of stromatolites (Ghosh, 2017). The fact that previous evidence indicated that microbial life on earths surface come from 2700 to 2900 million-year-old deposits discovered in South Africa soils rich in the organic matter means there is proof that life was present in the land by over 500 million years. These are signs that life developed in the freshwater hot springs inland rather than the idea that life fast began in deep sea before later adapting to land (Tara Djokic, 2017). Form of earliest Evidence for Life The discovery of a biogenetic graphite is one of the ancient proof of the existence of life on the earths surface long time ago. This graphite was approximated to be 3700 million years old. Then the discovery of metasedimentary rocks the west of Greenland together with bacteriological mat fossils found within a 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone obtained in Western Australia (Knoll, et al., 2006). In the year 2015 remnants of biotic life were discovered in a 4100 million-year-old rock located in Western Australia. A discovery in 2017 led to proof of an ancient form of life on the planet, presumed fossilized microbes were located by experts within a hydrothermal vent in the Nuvvuagitttuq Belt which is dated 4.2 billion years. Then there are the Microbial mats which involve interdependence bacteria and archaea being the main form of life during the beginning of Archean (Beraldi-Campesi, 2013). Most of the evolution process is suggested to have taken place inside them. Around 3.5 Ga photosynthesis evolved leading to the emission of oxygen into the atmosphere as a byproduct of the photosynthesis. The result of this process was massive oxygenation event as from 2.4 Ga. There is evidence of eukaryotes dated from 1.85 Ga, regardless of their earlier existence diversification fast-tracked when consumption of oxygen within their metabolism started. Later, from 1.7 Ga there was the appearance of multicellular organisms. These organisms had several cells which are specialized to perform specific functions (Edward S. Buckler IV, 1999). Evidence of most ancient land plant is dated to around 450 Ma even though there is evidence that indicates microorganisms were the earliest terrestrial ecosystem dated 2.7 Ga. Its through the microorganism that land plants were incepted in the Phanerozoic. Due to the severe success of land plants its believed that they played a bigger role during the late Devonian extinction event. Within the Ediacaran phase, Ediacaran biota appeared on the other hand vertebrates together with the majority of the other modern phyla cropped up in the Cambrian explosion phase which is dated 525 Ma. The Permian period synapsids a period which saw the dominance of mammals ancestors on the land only for a good percentage of the group to undergo extinction in the Permian-Triassic extinction which occurred in 22Ma. As recovery from this was taking place the archosaurs ended up being the dominant vertebrates on the earths surface while the dinosaurs dominated the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. The post-Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event in the 66Mawhich killed of the nation-variant dinosaurs mammals size and diversity increased rapidly (Dalrymple, 2001). Controversies Relating Earliest Evidence for Life As scientists, religious leaders and archaeologists continue to clash over the actual origin of life controversies have continued to mushroom as each group tries to portray its side as the ultimate answer to the question where did we come from? (Flank, 2006) To begin several scientists do not approve of the notion that a single ancestor is a root to the evolvement of all the organisms. This is because in the study of fossils a biological big bang is said to have taken place as we neared the beginning of the Cambrian phase. Here many distinct groups of organisms, as well as animal body parts, emerged suddenly with no precursors. The fossil findings stress on an outline of explosive appearance and a lengthy living forms stability which is not in line with the gradual system of the evolution of life as spearheaded by Darwins popular ancestry theory. This stand is further supported by scientific discoveries in molecular genetics and embryology. A section of scientists does not believe in the creative power of the Darwinian mechanism. Even though majority agree that through natural selection small-scale microevolutionary can be attained several them are questioning the ability of natural selection and random mutation to produce the massive changes which are needed to end up with new structures and forms of life altogether. This has made the issue of selection and mutation mechanism to be a controversial topic in the evolution of life (Larson, 2004). As scientists continue to put more effort in researching on early forms of life doubts are emerging regarding the Darwinian Theory stating that life just appears in their design. Instead, they are stressing the fact that there is a display of signs of actual intelligent among the living organisms. The existence of digital information, complex circuits as well as miniature motors within the living cells have been used by professional scientists to argue in support of this case. There is a long history of controversy between science and religion when it comes to the origin of life. With the Christians, the question of the origin of life is illustrated in the book of Genesis where a supernatural being is accorded the sole power the give or take life in all forms. While scientists are for the genetic evolution and archeologists analysis fossils to prove their own theories, they seem to be no agreement between the groups of which are the facts regarding the origin of life (Lewin, 1982). Conclusion Whats the origin of life? There no question bigger than this. Man, despite having the biblical version of God created life and the controversies there after having gone ahead to dig into scientific research and archeology to research on their own theories. So far archaeologists have obtained fossils which are around 3.5 billion years old a number which is 14 times the age of the oldest dinosaur ever present on land. The age of the fossils is still stretching back with the advancing research. The recent discovery of microbes dating back to 3.7 billion years is a sign. The earth is predicted to have formed 4.5 billion years ago because life has not been able to be discovered anywhere else apart from the earth then there is a probability that life formed between the time the earth was formed and the age of the oldest fossil (Verderame, 2001). The development of the microscope contributed a lot in the study of life. This proved that as much as organisms differ in shapes and appearance they are made up of cells which look alike for the case of animals and in the case of plants. The study of the way the earth formed together with the theory of the origin of life as a single cell from a chemical reaction is now being massively supported by the idea of cells. For now, we only gauze the age of life but as more effort is continuously being put into the matter we can only be hopeful that enough information will be collected to back whichever theory that is solid enough to help mankind find an answer their biggest question (Pearlman, 2013). References Altermann, W., 2009. From Fossils to Astrobiology A Roadmap to Fata Morgana?, London: s.n. Baxter, C. Darwin, 2014. Correspondence Project (research collaborator). "Re: Design". Darwin Correspondence Project (Dramatisation script), England: University of Cambridge. Beraldi-Campesi, H., 2013. Early life on land and the first terrestrial ecosystems. Ecological Processes, 2(1), p. 4. Dalrymple, G. B., 2001. The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved. Geological Society Special Publication., Volume 190, p. 20211. . Edward S. Buckler IV, T. L. P.-D. C. S. K. B. R. K. D. J. F. D. a. T. P. H., 1999. Meiotic Drive of Chromosomal Knobs Reshaped the Maize Genome. 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